Which of the following is NOT one of the four characteristics of language?

The assertion that language is always universal is accurate in identifying a characteristic that does not apply uniformly to all languages. Language varies significantly across different cultures, regions, and social contexts. While there are some universal features in the study of linguistics, such as basic grammatical structures or the ability to convey complex thought, these do not extend to all semantic or syntactic aspects of every language.

The other characteristics related to language highlight its dynamic nature and its role in culture and self-expression. Language as culture and a medium for self-expression illustrates how deeply intertwined language is with the identity and values of a community. The idea that language has both decorative and connotative meanings reflects its richness and complexity, where words can carry various meanings beyond their literal definitions. Additionally, the view of language as powerful emphasizes its ability to influence thoughts, emotions, and actions, reinforcing the idea that language is a fundamental tool for self-expression and communication.